Grammar

PCR Lesson 2 Grammar
第二課:你好嗎
  • Using Modifiers with Stative Verbs:
    [Subject] + 很 + Stative Verb

    If a stative verb consists of only one syllable, it should be preceded by a modifier. In affirmative sentences this modifier is often the intensifier 很 [hěn]. An affirmative statement without 很, while technically correct, sounds unnatural. We will learn in the next lesson the modifier for negative sentences, 不 [bù], but for now here is a list of single-syllable stative verbs. You don't have to memorize these...yet!

    English Grammar Note: Adjectives are descriptive words that modify a noun or pronoun.

    好 [hǎo] good; fine; okay
    忙 [máng] busy
    貴 [guì] expensive; honorable
    大 [dà] big; large; great
    小 [xiǎo] small; little
    高 [gāo] high; tall
    矮 [ǎi] short (height)
    胖 [pàng] fat; stout
    瘦 [shòu] skinny; lean
    累 [lèi] tired; weary
    快 [kuài] fast; quick
    慢 [màn] slow
  • Basic Question Structure:

    • The 嗎 [ma] Question:
      Statement + 嗎

      One of the most straightforward ways to form a question in Chinese is to add 嗎 to the end of a statement. We can take the statement we learned in lesson 1, 你好。, and add 嗎 to make the question 你好嗎?, How are you? (lit., Are you good?).

    • The 呢 [ne] Question:
      [Statement,] Noun/Pronoun + 呢

      To use the 呢 question structure a statement should be either mentioned or understood within the context of a conversation. If the statement "I am fine." (我很好。) is understood in a conversation, I can use 呢 to ask "How about you?" (你呢?). The 呢 question form is used this way to ask about the noun or pronoun directly preceding the 呢.

      我很好,你? : I'm fine, and you?
      你很好,我? : You're okay, what about me?
      我很忙[máng: busy], 你? : I'm busy, what about you?
      My cell phone sucks, yours ? : My cell phone sucks, how about yours?
  • The Adverb 也 [yě]:
    [Subject] + 也 + Stative Verb

    Adverbs generally come after the subject and before the verb in Chinese. Since 也 means also, or too don't be tempted to put it at the beginning or end of a sentence. When more than one adverb is used in a statement there is often a set order. In this lesson we learn than 也 comes before 很.

    [Subject] + 也 + 很 + Stative Verb
  • Tone Change:

    We learned earlier that a character can change tones depending on the tone of the syllable it precedes, and when two third tones are together in a sentence the first third tone changes to a second like in 你好. So what about a sentence like: 我也很好。 Four third tones in a row! In this case the first three third tones are pronounced as second tones [Wó yé hén hǎo]. While the pronunciation of these third tones changes, pinyin rules dictate that the tone markers remain third tone.

    Actually, in normal speech you rarely use a full third tone. Third tones not changed to second are often pronounced with what is called a half-third tone--just the first falling part of the third tone is spoken.

  • Unstated Subject:

    When the subject of a sentence is understood within the context of a conversation the subject can be left unstated. Omitting the understood subject is more common in Chinese than English.

    我很好,你呢?
    [我]也很好。